Impact of deformation bands on fault-related fluid flow in field-scale simulations

Subsurface storage of CO2 is predicted to rise exponentially in response the increasing levels atmosphere. Large-scale injections into subsurface require understanding potential for fluid flow through faults mitigate risk leakage. Here, we study how obtain effective permeability deformation bands damage zone faults. Deformation are relatively small, low features that can have a significant effect on dynamics, however, discrepancy scales challenge field-scale simulation. A new analytical upscaling model proposed order overcome some shortcomings conventional approaches heterogeneous porous media. The captures fine-scale impact near-fault region, and be derived from knowledge large-scale fault properties. To test accuracy it compared numerical simulations explicitly include individual bands. For wide range different stochastically generated networks, shows improved estimate approaches. By applying full-field simulation Smeaheia site North Sea, show with contrast higher than three orders magnitude may act as an extra layer protection